Beef tallow
AnimalRefined
Trans fat(g/100g)
Natural ruminant transA high intake raised LDL like industrial trans; a moderate intake was neutral (Motard-Bélanger 2008, AJCN). Gram for gram, ruminant and industrial trans raised the LDL to HDL ratio by about the same amount (0.038 vs 0.055 per % energy, no significant difference) (Brouwer 2010, PLoS One). Scored: WHO 2023 counts both sources.
Japan Food Safety Commission trans fat survey (Japan Food Research Laboratories, report 2007) (2007)
Smoke point(°F)
Primary · 446°F
Institute of Shortening and Edible Oils, Typical Smoke, Flash & Fire Points (2010)
An empty cell means we do not yet have a method-cited source. Rank 1 wins the published rule; it is not medical advice.